Effector Domains

Effector domains fused to DNA-targeting machinery such as catalytically dead Cas9 enable epigenome editing without cutting DNA. Transcriptional activators like VP64 and VPR upregulate gene expression, while repressors like KRAB create stable silencing. Chromatin-modifying enzymes such as DNMT3A, TET1, and p300 install heritable epigenetic marks. These tools reprogram cellular states through targeted recruitment of regulatory machinery.

Name	Class	Origin
DNMT3A Domain	DNA Methyltransferase	Human DNA methyltransferase 3A (catalytic domain)
GCN4 Domain	Peptide Scaffold	Yeast GCN4 transcription factor (epitope array)
KRAB Domain	Transcriptional Repressor	Human KOX1 protein (Krüppel-associated box domain)
p300 Core Domain	Histone Acetyltransferase	Human p300 protein (catalytic core domain)
p65 Domain	Transcriptional Activator	Human NF-κB p65 subunit (activation domain)
Rta Domain	Transcriptional Activator	Epstein-Barr virus (transactivator protein)
TET1 Domain	DNA Demethylase	Human ten-eleven translocation 1 (catalytic domain)
VP64 Domain	Transcriptional Activator	Herpes simplex virus VP16 (tetrameric repeat)
VPR Composite Domain	Transcriptional Activator (Composite)	Synthetic fusion of VP64, p65, and Rta