Prime Editors

Prime editors install precise DNA changes including substitutions, insertions, and deletions without requiring double-strand breaks or donor templates. The system uses a reverse transcriptase enzyme fused to a nickase, directed by an extended guide RNA that encodes both the target site and the desired sequence change.

Name	Generation	Capabilities
PE2	PE2	All 12 base-to-base substitutions, small insertions (tested up to 44 bp), and deletions (tested up to 80 bp) without double-strand breaks or donor DNA. Single programmable system for diverse genomic modifications.
PE3	PE3	Same editing scope as PE2 (all substitutions, insertions, deletions) with enhanced efficiency. Particularly improves edits that generate mismatches in non-edited strand.
PE4	PE4	All PE2 editing capabilities with enhanced efficiency through mismatch repair evasion. Particularly effective for edits creating heteroduplex intermediates.
PE5	PE5	All prime editing capabilities with highest efficiency. Combines benefits of coordinated nicking and MMR evasion. Most powerful prime editing system currently available.